•Short circuit disturbs the system environment around the fault point by causing a sudden drop in voltage ,
•It requires a part of the system (often a large part) to be disconnected through the operation of the protection devices,
•All equipment and connections (cables, lines) subjected to a short circuit undergo strong mechanical stress (electrodynamic forces) which can cause breaks, and thermal stress which can melt conductors and destroy insulation,
•At the fault point , there is often a high power electrical arc, causing very heavy damage that can quickly spread all around.
•The short circuit value at different points in the system is essential data in defining the cables, busbars and all breaking and protection devices as well as their settings.
Fig. Short-circuit current diagram.
•Short-circuit current at a given point in the system is expressed as the rms value Isc (in kA) of its AC component
•The maximum instantaneous value that short-circuit current can reach is the peak value Ip of the first half cycle. This peak value can be much higher than √2.Isc because of the damped DC component that can be superimposed on the AC component. This random DC component depends on the instantaneous value of voltage at the start of the short-circuit and on the characcteristics
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